Optics

Euan McLeod, Ph.D., works at the intersection of nanophotonics, soft materials science, and many-body systems. One of his current major research thrusts is to use optical tweezers combined with biomolecular functionalization to assemble nanostructured 3D devices out of colloidal nanoparticle building blocks. Euan also works on developing lensfree holographic microscopes that provide high resolution across an ultra-large field of view in cost-effective and compact platforms. Euan is developing new methods to improve the resolution and sensitivity of these microscopes to sense ultrafine nanoparticles like aerosols and viruses. By combining these microscopes with microfluidic chambers, he is working to develop highly multiplexed biomedical sensors. All of these areas of experimental research are supported by extensive computational and theoretical efforts. Previously in his career, Euan has published extensive research in high-speed acoustic lensing, laser-materials processing at the nanoscale, and free-surface microfluidic instabilities.

Dr. Russell Witte, a native Tucsonan, received a BS degree with honors in physics from the University of Arizona in Tucson (1993). Following travel abroad in Europe and Brazil, he began graduate studies in bioengineering at Arizona State University. His doctoral thesis (PhD, 2002) used chronic microelectrode arrays to describe sensory coding and learning-induced plasticity in the mammalian brain. He then moved to the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and, as a post doc in the Biomedical Ultrasonics Laboratory, developed novel hybrid imaging techniques that integrate ultrasound, light, and/or microwaves for medical applications. In 2007, Dr. Witte returned to Tucson and is now Associate Professor of Medical Imaging, Optical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering at the University of Arizona. Dr. Witte’s Experimental Ultrasound and Neural Imaging Laboratory (EUNIL) devises cutting-edge imaging technology, integrating light, ultrasound and microwaves to diagnose and treat diseases ranging from chronic tendon disorders (tendinopathies) and irregular cardiac rhythms (arrhythmias) to breast cancer. By integrating different forms of energy, special effects are created that enable ultrasound imaging of optical absorption deep in tissue (photoacoustic imaging), mapping current source densities in the beating heart (acoustoelectric imaging), and elasticity imaging of human muscle and tendon for quantifying tissue mechanical properties. Dr. Witte's research further extends into nanotechnology and smart contrast agents, which have applications to functional brain imaging, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Dr. Witte works closely with collaborators in the Colleges of Engineering, Optical Sciences and Medicine, as well as industry, to develop cutting-edge imaging technologies that potentially improve patient care. Dr. Witte is also a member of the Arizona Cancer Center, Sarver Heart Center and School of Mind, Brain, and Behavior, as well as the Neuroscience, Applied Mathematics, and Biomedical Engineering graduate interdisciplinary programs (GIDPs). Dr. Witte's vision is to develop a new generation of young investigators steeped in multiple disciplines branching from neuroscience, neural engineering, biochemistry, mathematics, biomedical imaging and, physics. He welcomes dreamers, brainstormers and problems solvers to join his team in search of the next great discovery in physics and medicine. Keywords: Biomedical Engineering/Medical Imaging

Ron Lynch received a B.S. from the University of Miami (1978) with a dual major in Chemistry (Physical) and Biology, and a Ph.D. degree from the University of Cincinnati (1984) in Physiology and Biophysics. Dr. Lynch began training in optical imaging and MR spectroscopy of cardiac metabolism while at the NIH/NHLBI under the direction of Dr. Robert Balaban from 1984-1987. In 1987, Dr. Lynch moved to a staff position in the Biomedical Imaging Group with appointment in the Physiology Department at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center where he was involved in the development of approaches for 3-dimensional imaging including deconvolution and confocal microscopy. Dr. Lynch joined the faculty of the University of Arizona in 1990 with dual appointment in the Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, and is currently a full professor, and director of the Arizona Research Institute for Biomedical Imaging. In 2000, Dr. Lynch was a visiting scientist at the Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging and the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center with Dr. Alan Koretsky at the NIH/NINDS. Dr. Lynch is a member of the Biophysical Society, the American Physiological Society and American Diabetes Association, and regularly serves on grant review panels for the JDRF, NIH/NIDDK, and NSF. Research in the Lynch lab focuses on second messenger signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells and nutrient sensing cells (e.g., Pancreatic Beta-cells) with emphasis on alterations in signaling that occur during development of Diabetes. We are developing methods to modify and analyze beta cell mass in order to evaluate the initiation of the pre-diabetic state, and efficacy of its treatment. Analyses of subcellular protein distributions, second messenger signaling, and ligand binding is performed in our lab using state of the art microscopy and analysis approaches which is our second area of expertise. Over the past 3 decades, our lab has been involved in the development of unique microscopic imaging and spectroscopy approaches to study cell and tissue function, as well as screening assays for cell signaling and ligand binding. Keywords: Diabetes, Cancer, Optical Imaging, Targeted Contrast Agents, Metabolism, Biomedical Imaging, Drug Development

Raymond Kostuk, PhD, has a primary goal to investigate photonic techniques that enhance the capabilities of imaging, communication, sensing, and light collection and concentrator systems. His research includes fundamental and applied studies of photonic materials and devices, as well as system concepts that are based on photonics.

My research is focused on developing novel optical microscopy technologies and improving patient care using these technologies. My research area includes (1) low-cost smartphone in vivo microscopy, (2) high-speed comprehensive in vivo endomicroscopy, and (3) ultraminiature endomicroscopy. (1) Low-cost smartphone in vivo microscopy: I am currently leading a NIH-sponsored research project for developing smartphone confocal microscope and diagnosing Kaposi's sarcoma in Uganda with the smartphone confocal microscope. I will further advance the smartphone microscopy technology and address other applications, including diagnosis of cervical and oral cancers in low-resource settings, large-population screening of skin cancers in the US, and aiding science and medical educations. (2) High-speed comprehensive in vivo endomicroscopy: I have previously developed a high-speed confocal microscopy system and endoscopic imaging catheters and acquired largest in vivo confocal images of human organ reported. At the UA, I plan to further advance the technology by i) increasing the imaging speed by orders of magnitude and ii) incorporating fluorescence imaging modality. (3) Ultraminiature endomicroscopy: In my previous research, I have developed miniature endoscopic catheters that can visualize internal organs in vivo through a needle-sized device. At the UA, I will develop microscopic imaging catheter with a extremely small diameter and utilize it for guiding cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Ultrafast Electron Microscopy is a pivotal tool for imaging the atomic motion in real time and space. The temporal resolution, limited to a few hundreds of femtoseconds (one quadrillionth of a second) permits recording movies of only the relatively massive atomic motion. Imaging of microscopic motions outside the atomic nucleus in the real-time requires a significant enhancement in the temporal resolution. My research program aims to obtain the attosecond (one quintillionth of a second) temporal resolution in electron microscopy and establish the “Attomicroscopy” —the fastest camera ever known—which takes the field of ultrafast imaging to the next level. Attomicroscopy provides a real-time access to all microscopic motions outside the atomic core and radically change our insight into the workings of the microcosm. We will use the Attomicroscopy to image the electron motion in biochemical molecules such as amino acids, DNA, protein…. etc. Attosecond imaging and controlling of the electron motion at the atomic scale will open exciting new ground and prospects in multiple fields of basic science, biological applications, and information technology.

Jennifer Barton, Ph.D. is known for her development of miniature endoscopes that combine multiple optical imaging techniques, particularly optical coherence tomography and fluorescence spectroscopy. She evaluates the suitability of these endoscopic techniques for detecting early cancer development in patients and pre-clinical models. She has a particular interest in the early detection of ovarian cancer, the most deadly gynecological malignancy. Additionally, her research into light-tissue interaction and dynamic optical properties of blood laid the groundwork for a novel therapeutic laser to treat disorders of the skin’s blood vessels. She has published over 100 peer-reviewed journal papers in these research areas. She is currently Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Optical Sciences, Agriculture-Biosystems Engineering, and Medical Imaging at the University of Arizona. She has served as department head of Biomedical Engineering, Associate Vice President for Research, and is currently Director of the BIO5 Institute, a collaborative research institute dedicated to solving complex biology-based problems affecting humanity. She is a fellow of SPIE – the International Optics Society, and a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. Keywords: bioimaging, biomedical optics, biomedical engineering, bioengineering, cancer, endoscopes