Enikov, E. T., Gamez, C., Kanjiyani, S., Ganji, M., & Gill, J. (2011). Flexible electrode structures for thermo-tunneling applications. ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2011, 4(PARTS A AND B), 1657-1663.
Abstract:
Combined thermionic emission and tunneling of hot electrons (thermo-tunneling) has emerged as a potential new solid-state cooling technology. Practical implementation of thermo-tunneling, however, requires the formation of a nanometer-sized gap spanning macroscopically significant surfaces. Thermo-tunneling of hot electrons across a few-nanometer gap has application to vacuum electronics, flat panel displays, and holds great potential in thermo-electric cooling and energy generation. Development of new thermo-tunneling applications requires creation of a stable nanometer gap between two surfaces. This presentation is focused on our effort to investigate the feasibility of creating such gaps using distributed electro-magnetic forces arising in thin-film flexible structures. Early efforts based on rigid electrodes showed that the effective tunneling approaches 400 square-micrometers, which albeit small, could lead to useful practical systems. In this presentation, we report a theoretical and experimental investigation of a thin-electrode system which could lead to further increase on the effective tunneling area. The device under study consists of a thin membrane collector electrode (anode) suspended over the emitting electrode (cathode). The structure is placed in a vacuum enclosure with an externally generated magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow in the membrane. The resulting Lorentz force is then directed upwards, separating the two surfaces. A mathematical model of the steady-state operation of the device is presented along with predictions of the contact area and tunneling current. Essential output parameters of the model include a central contact area measured by its length (delta) and the thermo-tunneling current. Both parameters are determined as a function of the externally applied external potential and magnetic field. Numerical solutions of the model show two possible operating modes: (1) symmetric deformation with negligibly small current; and (2) asymmetric mode where the B-field controls the current and contact area. Copyright © 2011 by ASME.
Enikov, E. T., & Boyd, J. G. (1999). A thermodynamic field theory for anodic bonding of micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). International Journal of Engineering Science, 38(2), 135-158.
Abstract:
An anodic bond is modeled as a moving nonmaterial line forming the intersection of three material surfaces representing the unbonded conductor, the unbonded insulator, and the bonded interface. Global integral equations are written for the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, Maxwell's equations, and the second law of thermodynamics. The global equations are then localized in the volume, the material surfaces, and the nonmaterial bond line. The second law is used to determine the thermodynamic conjugates in the thermodynamic potential and the dissipation inequality. It is demonstrated that the jump in the Poynting vector across a surface is equal to the surface Joule heating due to surface electric conduction currents. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Luce, A. V., Enikov, E. T., & Nelson, B. J. (2009). Design of automated digital eye palpation exam for intraocular pressure measurement. 2009 ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering, CME 2009.
Abstract:
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for the degenerative eye disease glaucoma. Accurate indirect measurements of IOP are essential for glaucoma diagnosis and screening. This work presents an experiment developed to measure IOP in-vitro by simulating the technique of digital palpitation tonometry, a technique in which a trained examiner palpates the eyeball using the fingertips of both index fingers to "feel" the stiffness of the eye. The qualitative nature of this method and errors introduced by the subjectivity of the examiner mean that it is rarely used in comparison with other modern-day tonometry methods. However, this technique offers several potential advantages in that it can be performed outside of a clinical setting without the need for instrument sterilization or local anesthesia and may be less subject to measurement errors occurring in patients who have undergone refractive laser eye surgery. In order to quantify the mechanics of digital palpation tonometry, an automated experiment to measure the intraocular pressure of enucleated porcine eyeballs using mechanized digital palpation was designed and tested. This experiment has direct applications towards the development of a next-generation tonometer for glaucoma treatment. ©2009 IEEE.
Enikov, E. T., & Lazarov, K. (2003). PCB-integrated metallic thermal micro-actuators. Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, 105(1), 76-82.
Abstract:
The development of thermal micro-actuators on printed circuit boards is described. The fabricated metal actuators are shown to have similar displacement characteristics when compared with silicon-based devices described in the literature. The actuators are benchmarked with respect to power consumption, stroke, and response time. It is further demonstrated that simple analytical estimates for the response time are in good agreement with the experimental measurements and finite element analysis. The thermal cooling transient times are captured using a two-step constant-current excitation method. The fabrication process and potential application areas of the developed device are also provided. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Kyselica, R., & Enikov, E. T. (2017). DYNAMIC FOCUSING OF ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS WITH QUADRUPOLE TRAPS. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL. 4A.
