Kaplan, D. J., & Hurley, L. H. (1981). Anthramycin binding to deoxyribonucleic acid-mitomycin C complexes. Evidence for drug-induced deoxyribonucleic acid conformational change and cooperativity in mitomycin C binding. Biochemistry, 20(26), 7572-7580.
PMID: 6798992;Abstract:
Anthramycin and mitomycin C (MC) are two DNA reactive drugs, which bind covalently to GC pairs producing different effects on DNA: anthramycin stiffening and MC distorsion. This paper describes experiments in which we have used anthramycin as a probe to sense quantitatively the effects on DNA of MC binding. Saturation binding experiments show that both anthramycin and MC partially inhibit the binding of the other drug to DNA (maximum inhibition by MC and anthramycin, 22.4% and 19.7%, respectively) but by a mechanism other than direct site exclusion. This suggests that MC binds in the major groove of DNA, since anthramycin is known to bind in the minor groove. An abrupt reduction in the binding of anthramycin to DNA-MC complexes occurs between MC binding ratios of 0.030 and 0.035, which parallels and probably results from sudden intensification of a MC-induced DNA conformational change occurring between these binding ratios. Dialysis measurements indicate that anthramycin is very possibly binding at sites distant from MC sites and suggest a clustering of closely bound MC chromophores resulting from possible cooperative binding. S1 nuclease digest experiments demonstrate an initial enhancement of nuclease activity in DNA-MC complexes, the magnitude of which correlates well with the reduction of anthramycin binding, relative to the degree of MC binding. The enhanced nuclease activity in these complexes indicates regions of exposed DNA or helix base distortion which is related to or is the result of conformational change. © 1981 American Chemical Society.
Hurley, L. H., & Needham-VanDevanter, D. (1985). Sequence specificity and biologic consequences of drugs that bind covalently in the minor groove of DNA. Cancer Bulletin, 37(4), 183-186.
Tao, L. u., Shi, D., Sun, D., Han, H., & Hurley, L. H. (2005). Design, synthesis and biological activity of cationic porphyrins bearing mixed 3-quinolyl and 4-pyridyl meso groups. Journal of China Pharmaceutical University, 36(5), 393-397.
Abstract:
Aim: To search for the potent telomerase inhibitors with structures of cationic porphyrins to improve the interactions between G-quadruplex and porphyrins by systematically varying the meso substituents. Methods: Porphyrins bearing mixed 3-quinolyl/4-pyridyl meso groups were synthesized using the Adler-Longo method by condensation of aldehydes with pyrrole, and then followed by methylation and ion exchange. The compounds were tested for the telomerase inhibitory activity and c-Myc inhibitory activity. Results: All compounds were found to be potent and approximately equivalent in terms of their ability to inhibit the action of telomerase in a cell-free assay. Compound 4 had the best inhibitory activity on c-Myc. Conclusion: Cationic porphyrins would be the potential anticancer candidates.
Zewail-Foote, M., Li, V., Kohn, H., Bearss, D., Guzman, M., & Hurley, L. H. (2004). Erratum: The inefficiency of incisions of ecteinascidin 743-DNA adducts by the UvrABC nuclease and the unique structural feature of the DNA adducts can be used to explain the repair-dependent toxicities of this antitumor agent (Chemistry and Biology 8 (1033-1049)). Chemistry and Biology, 11(2), 283-.
Zewail-Foote, M., & Hurley, L. H. (1999). Ecteinascidin 743: A minor groove alkylator that bends DNA toward the major groove. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 42(14), 2493-2497.
PMID: 10411470;Abstract:
The ecteinascidins (Ets), which are natural products derived from marine tunicates, exhibit potent antitumor activity. Of the numerous Ets isolated, Et 743 is presently being evaluated in phase II clinical trials. Et 743 binds in the minor groove of DNA and alkylates N2 of guanine. Although structurally similar to saframycin, which exhibits poor activity in cellular assays, Et 743 has shown good efficacy as an antitumor agent. In this study, DNA structural distortions induced by Et 743 were examined to provide insight into the molecular basis for the antitumor activity of Et 743. Electrophoretic mobility shifts of ligated oligomers containing site-directed adducts were used to examine the extent and direction of the Et 743-induced bend. Surprisingly, we find that Et 743 bends DNA toward the major groove, which is a unique feature among DNA-interactive agents that occupy the minor groove.
